考神

2009年

Section III  Writing

2009年考研英语考试结束了。今年走出考场的考生普遍感觉今年的试题较往年难度有所降低，尤其是写作部分两道题目难度适中，大家基本发挥出了正常水平。下面针对小作文和大作文分别给予点评，并提供阅卷的范文供大家参考。

 

Part A

51. Directions:

       Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. “White pollution” is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to

       1) give your opinions briefly and

       2) make two or three suggestions

       You should write about 100 word. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.      You do not need to write the address. (10 points)

 

一．审题构思

小作文去年考的道歉信，09年小作文要求写一封建议信。今年的建议信相比07年的建议信要求更加具体，且话题更为熟悉。考生对这个话题可写的东西比较多。且在平时大作文的训练中考生都接触过不少表达观点看法和提出建议的方法，尤其在环境保护方面的建议措施接触的更多，因此这篇小作文题材大家非常熟悉，难度适中。如果同学在考前临阵抱佛脚，只要把建议信的套话背下来，比如建议信的第一句话怎么写，中间怎么写，最后一句怎么结尾，直接把有关内容换成白色污染即可。

 

二．框架思路

       确切地讲，今年的小作文仍然是没有脱离开过去的老套，又是一封信，而这封信对同学们来讲，是我们很熟悉的白色塑料袋的使用问题。有很多商家为了争取自己定期的常客，他们可能会想到促销的手段或者销售的途径，那就是说送给你塑料袋，方便你使用。但是这些顾客们可能有些人是懂得或者说环保意识很强的，有些塑料袋，他们总是重复地去用；可是有一些不尽然，像年轻人这样，用过后就扔掉。谈到了白色污染这个话题，就想给编辑写封信，信中反映的是你对这个现象的一个看法，之后，你应该提出一些解决的措施，所以这封信里面要讲的话一点都不难写，最重要的是我们要做一个对社会有责任的人，因为只有如此我们才能够用我们的心去感知这个社会的问题，才能真正从我们内心想出一些方法，使我们的社会更加洁净，这样才能更加和谐。

本文可以按三段处理，首段直接谈白色污染的情况，中段讲出解决问题的建议和措施，最后再次提醒编辑关注此事刻不容缓，并加强礼貌语气。

 

三．参考范文

Dear Editor(s),

       I am writing this letter to draw your attention to“White Pollution”. No one can avoid using plastic bags in our daily lives and too many plastic bags bring about many problems. How to solve this problem has become a hot issue among many people in recent years.

       To address this problem, I would like to lodge several suggestions. On the one hand, the authorities should set up rules and regulations to control the production and circulation of the plastic bags. On the other hand, people should realize the significant of protecting our environment and not use too many plastic bags.

       I sincerely hope that you can take my letter seriously. Thank you very much for your time and consideration.

       Yours faithfully,

       Li Ming  (126words)

亲爱的编辑：

       我写此信是为了让您关注“白色污染”这一问题。在日常生活中人们总是会用到塑料袋，而塑料袋过多会产生很多问题。如何解决这一问题成为近年来很多人关心的话题。

       为了解决这一问题，我想提如下的建议。一方面，政府当局应该制定一些规章制度来控制塑料袋的生产和流通使用。另一方面，人们应该意识到保护环境的重要性并不使用太多的塑料袋。

       我真诚地希望您能认真对待我的信。感谢您拨冗关注。

       您诚挚的

       李明

 

四．文章点评：

范文为缩进格式。由于本信函属于公务信件，题目提供的名字就是编辑，所以要按较正式的口吻来写作，文章开始的称呼为Dear Editor，语气就比较正式。

第一段开门见山，使用draw your attention to结构直接表示请求关注。首段使用了and连接两个并列句的信息。语法上，最后一句使用了How to引出的名词短语作为主语，点明了文章的中心。

第二段承上启下，按议论文模式设定了段首句，提出的两种方案用On the one hand和On the other hand灵活列出。本段中，动词address和lodge较有特色。

第三段中，作者再次请求关注。按照信函写作“感谢客气不能少”的原则，应连续两次使用传达礼貌的句型。

 

五．阅卷样文

五档：9分

Dear editor,

       I’m a sincere reader of your newspaper and I like your discussion of the social problems. Now I want to give some opinions of myself about the “White Pollution”.

       As we know, regulation was made to solve the problem in June 1st of 2008. The use of plastic bags was restricted in the supermarket and many other shops freely. At the beginning, it was carried on well, but now I found plastic bags were used in some small shops for free or with no pay.

       I am writing to tell you that we should solve this problem soon with the help of your newspaper. You could make some investigators about it and write some reports of it, so as to appeal to all the people’s attentions of our society.

       Sincerely,

       Li Ming

评语：本文很好地完成了试题规定的任务，与目标读者完全产生了预期的效果：

1．内容包含了所有的内容要点，该文第一段的内容更吻合题目的要求。

2．所使用的语法结构和词汇比较丰富。

3．语言比较自然流畅，尽管存在个别的语法（例如，时态）和用词错误。

4．有效使用了各种衔接手段，层次清晰，组织也比较严密。

5．格式与语域恰当贴切。

 

四档：7-8分

Dear Editor Wang,

       I am a senior student living in Beijing. Being a citizen in our capital, I care a lot about our environment. But, although the law of not using plastic bags had been enforced since June, the effect is not very good. I am afraid “White Pollution” will still exist for a long time.

       I believe there are ways to improve the situation. Our communities could offer bags free, which will substitute plastic bags. Meanwhile, some education on environment and White pollution should be held to local people. Besides the above two, much more can be done. I hope you would consider it carefully.

       Yours truly

       Li Ming

评语：较好地完成了试题规定的任务，基本能够对目标读者产生预期的效果：

1. 包含了所有的内容要点，既简要介绍了自己的观点，又提出了具体的建议。

2. 所使用的句子结构和词汇相对比较丰富，例如：Being a citizen in……, I care……等。

3. 语言基本正确，当然也存在着一些语法错误和用词的错误，但是并不会严重影响意义的表达。

4. 采用了适当的衔接手段，例如, but, meanwhile, besides等，层次也比较清晰。

5. 格式和语域比较恰当。

 

三档：5-6分

To whom it may concern:

       As a student of a university, I want to take this opportunity to express some points about “White Pollution”.

       There is no denying that plastic is destroy our environment is we use it excessively. So the government take some means to deal with it. Restrict to use the plastic bags in whole country. But it didn’t get successful as we predict. The “White Pollution” is still around our environment in some regions.

       Takes measures is needed. I want to take some recommends. First and formost, more strength restriction is needed by pollution education. Second, media should spread more information concern. Only in this way can we curb the statement. I’m looking forward your reply.

       Sincerely yours

       Liming

评语：基本完成了试题规定的任务，对目标读者基本产生了预期的效果：

1. 内容包含试题所要求的两个要点，没有跑题。

2. 具有较多的用词与语法错误，但是读者仍然能够大致领会作者想要表达的意思。

3. 采用了一些简单的衔接手段，内容还算连贯，层次也算清楚。

4. 格式和语域基本合理。

 

二档：3-4分

       I am very sorry to trouble with you. But this is a problem annoying with me. It is White Pollution. With the economic growth widely, white pollution become more and more serious. It is harmonious between the men and nature. White pollution destroy some special. More and more similar issue can be read today in newspaper as well as in magazine.

       The problem can be solved in some ways. First, attitude is everything. We must make people aware of this issue. Second, we must change with ourself. It’s essential that we address our problem before looking to others change. Finally, the acts of pollution must be punishment.

       I’m looking forward to your reply!

       Yours sincerely

       Li Ming

评语：未能按照要求完成试题规定的任务，不能清楚地将信息传达给读者。

1．第一段落的内容离题太远，未能很好地表达题目的第一个内容要点。

2．语法和用词错误太多，表明作者缺乏基本的英语语法知识或者使用语法知识的能力。

3．虽然也使用了一些衔接手段，但是内容上缺乏连贯性。

4．格式和语域不恰当。例如，此信没有抬头。

 

第一档：1-2分

Dear the editor

       I’m pleasure to write the letter to you. With the development of the socity, white pollution is more and more bad. Our sky is not blue, our earth is not clean and our river is not fish.

       To solve this question, I have some suggestions. First, every one drive their car less a day in a week than before. Second, when we are shopping, we use environment plastic bags. Third, our government do some rules. Do you thing my opinion? Look forward your reply.

       Yours faithfully,

       Li Ming

评语：未完成试题规定的任务，不能把信息传递给读者：

1．文章内容基本离题，有许多不相关的内容。

2．作者基本不具备英语的语法常识，句子结构简单且不完整。

3．用词错误太多，词不达意。

 

零档：0 分

dear editor:

I am a student of Tianjing University. Recently years our country

评语：所传达的信息或者所用的语言太少，内容与要求也无关系，无法评价

 

Part B

52. Directions: 

       Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing．In your essay, you should

       1) describe the drawing briefly,

       2) explain its intended meaning, and then

       3) give your comments.

You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

                   互联网的“近”与“远”

        

 

一．审题构思

       09年大作文仍然是图画式作文，题目要求与往年基本相同。图画是一张蜘蛛网上有很多人上网。图画中的中文提示词为：互联网的“远与近”。写好这篇作文主要在于两点：第一，描述图画。图片描写可能会给一部分考生造成困难，这一点要看学生平时的积累。第二，寓意理解。题目图片看似简单，实则抽象。揭示主题需结合中文提示“网络的近与远”，即网络为人们的生活带来的便利以及不便。这一主题比较贴近现代生活，也是当今大学生熟悉的话题：网络虽然非常便利，让人与人足不出户就可以相互联系，但是人与人之间的直接联系却变得稀少了。

二．框架思路

       大作文今年考的是一个网络的问题，它很像07年的作文风格，也就是说，在处理过程当中，需要同学们对图形本身有纯朴的感受。

       在创作中，首段需要描述图画。第一眼看到的是什么？我们看到一个大圆圈，里面分成若干个小部分，每个部分里面有一个人在电脑前忙活。通过这个分析我们感知到的是什么呢？要发自内心地先要把大的方位描述出来。由于图画配了文字，只需把文字翻译过来，描述段就很完整了。

    第二步，需要点出图画寓意，其实就是让我们分析互联网“远”和“近”。任何事物都有两方面。互联网的优势不容置疑，网络的确使我们变得更近了，这种近是多方面的，其中最重要的方面是信息的快捷。但是在图画当中我们看到了另外的景象：互联网的消极影响。互联网使人们都变成了宅男宅女的蜗居人，只有办公室是工作场所，除此以外，无处可去。这样我们的身体就会垮下，而人是需要运动的，所以它对人们身体也会造成伤害和束缚。另一方面，人与人之间逐渐疏远，这也是事实，因为现在大家工作学习压力都很大，缺乏人与人的沟通，只是在互联网上的虚拟世界里寻找慰藉。

最后一段要求议论，可以按照惯例采取建议法，提出我们对如何科学地使用互联网的的建议，再次强调沟通和谐的重要性。

 

三．参考范文

       As is unfolded in the picture above, we can see that many people，old and young, men and women, in front of a

 computer and using the internet. The caption in the drawing reads: “the Internet: near or far”.

       如上图所示，我们能看到很多人，老的少的，男人女人，都坐在电脑前用上互联网。图中的文字说明是：“互联网的近与远”

       The purpose of the drawing is to show us that the internet has it advantages and disadvantages as a communication tool. On the one hand, many people hold a view that internet makes us close than ever before. With the development of science and technology, computers and internet are playing an increasingly important role in our daily lives. We can achieve an immediate communication via E-mail, QQ, MSN or ICQ. According to a recent survey conducted by Li Ming, a sociologist in Peking University, approximately 400,000,000 people use internet in China in 2008. On the other hand, others argue that internet makes relationship of people weak. We can often read many stories about children spending too much time on online games. Some parents even complain that they have fewer and fewer time chatting with their children.

       这幅图片的目的是向我们表明作为沟通工具的互联网有其优缺点。一方面，很多人认为互联网让我们比以往更亲密。随着科学和技术的发展，计算机和互联网在我们的日常生活中正起到了越来越重要的作用。我们能用电邮，QQ，MSN，或者ICQ等软件实现实时沟通。（根据最近北京大学社会学家李明做的最近调查表明，2008年中国大约有4亿人用互联网。）另一方面，其他人认为互联网让人们关系变得弱化了。我们经常读到一些报道说小孩子花了太多时间在玩网上游戏。一些家长甚至在抱怨他们和孩子谈话的时间越来越少了。

       How to use modern communicating tools such as internet properly has becomes a hot issue among many people in recent years. For one thing, we should realize that internet is a big development of science and technology and we

should make full use of it. For another, we need to spend much time to communicate with each other face to face.

Only in this way can we live in a more harmonious society. （249 words）

       如何使用诸如互联网这样的现代沟通工具已经成为近年来人们关注的热门话题。一方面，我们应该意识到互联网是科技的巨大进步，我们应该充分加以利用。另一方面，我们也要多花点时间来面对面的沟通。只有这样我们才能生活在一个更加和谐的社会。

 

四．文章点评

按照提纲格局，文章顺理成章分为三段进行描述和议论。第一段为传统的图画描述段，由于图片内容非常直观，可以直接进行描述。本段中的开头The purpose of the drawing is to show us that ...,和后面的The caption in the drawing reads ...属经典框架结构。

第二段要求阐释漫画蕴含的深刻社会意义。在段首句直接采用The purpose of the drawing is to show us that 指明互联网的两面性。句型方面，本段使用了衔接词On the one hand和On the other hand...的形式，使文章增加了连贯性。本段中描述论说的词有几次变化，如开始的many people hold a view that，后来则变成了others argue that。

       解释完图画意义，第三段应是进行议论。由于comments往往被定位为建议措施段，所以可以借用本段对如何科学地使用互联网提一些建议。本段结构由For one thing, For another,构成。最后用倒装句强调了构建和谐社会的途径。

 

五．阅卷样文

第五档：19分

       As illustrated in the cartoon, each person sits in their own work room. In front of them is a computer. Everyone looks at the screen carefully, and communicate with their colleagues through the net instead of talking face to face. Their work places are placed like a net. And below the cartoon, there is a topic which says: the near and far among the Internet.

       From the cartoon, we can conclude that the cartoonist wants to convey such a message: with the popularity of computers, people from all over the world become nearer by using the internet to communicate with each other. Meanwhile, people also become far away from their friends. All of us accept the fact that the development of the internet brings lots of conveniences to our daily life, for instance, we can buy a book on the net instead of going to a bookstore. Besides, we can communicate with our friends on the net without going out of home. But we can’t ignore the other side of these: the time we spend with friends or family becomes less. And we hardly see them once in a week. It will make us feel lonely if we continue to use the tool on the net to talk with friends instead of talking with them on the phone or going out with them.

       To my best understanding, we should use the net to communicate with each other in a proper way. It is just a tool when we really need it to serve us. If we want to keep our friendship more effectively, we should spend more time with them in our real life. Only in this way can we not only make full use of the communication tool on the net but also make our friendship stronger.

评语：该文很好地完成了试题规定的任务，内容完整，既清楚描述了漫画内容又指出了其隐含的意思。语言流畅，措辞准确，句型结构有变化，有效使用了连接手段，内容连贯，层次分明，文章易于理解，仅有个别语言错误，字数符合要求。

 

第四档：15分

       As is vividly depicted in the drawing above, we can see clearly that some people are very near by the computer while some people are much long with each other in the net world.

       What is conveyed in the picture is most thought-provoking and worth discussing among people, especially the young people. It is a mirror, reflecting the relationships between the people are altering by the Internet. People’s opinions differ greatly on this matter. Some people believe that the Internet is very convenient for people who are living in a longer distance to keep connection with each other. Others argue that the Internet make the people living in near areas meet very little. Still others hold that people’s facing to face to communicate is reducing to a low level.

       It struck me that if nothing is done to solve the social phenomenon, its effect will be soon shown, which inevitably affects the development of the harmonious society. So we should regard the trend rightly. We also should take it into our accounts strictly. We should use the Net more reasonably. On no account should we make the people longer by the computer. Only in this way can we have a good generation foreseen. And a more harmonious society can be built up.

评语：文章较好地完成了试题规定的任务，内容比较完整，既描述了漫画又揭示了隐含的意思，使用了比较丰富的句型结构和词语，使用了一定的连接手段，语言基本通顺，文章结构完整，层次清晰，易于理解，但是有一定数量的语言错误。

 

第三档：11分

       As the picture vividly depict that internet like a net connect different people in the world. You can communicate with your friends. No matter where they live in, the distance no longer an obstacle in our communication.

The picture reflect a thought-provoking social phenomenon that people in a mounting numbers use internet shopping, work, study and chatting with friends in order to meet each other face and face. There are somewhat reasonable, but you weighing in mind, you can find that distance between our spirit longer than before. On the Internet we can not know each other very well, because some people don’t use their real name, even tell lies on internet. On the conterary, if we meet each other face and face, it’s better for communication.

       Internet make the obstacle of distance vanished, benefit us a lot, we can chating with our friends who live in a city that far from us. However, we should take that serious internet make the distance of our spirit longer than before, internet is a double-edge sword.

评语：该文包含多数内容要点；语法结构与词汇基本能够满足任务要求；有一些严重语法与用词错误，但不影响理解；内容较连贯，层次较清晰。但是第三部分主要是对第二部分的总结，评论简单。

 

第二档：7分

       As can be seen from the picture, many people are sitting in the front of a computers, who are basing in typing on the keyboard, but they don’t immediate communicate with each other though they live near. It looks like a bit pot, everyone has its space, and the computer is necessary for them.

       It goes without saying that this picture aims at reavling a common phenomenon in our daily life, that is internet brings conviences to us, also brings the distance for each other. Nowadays, we must believe that our development can not leave the using of internet. We do any things through the computer instead of saying “hello” to our families or colleagues face to face.

       In my opinion, we must realize the importance of the internet and also pay more attentions to communicate with each other face to face. Do not make the computer make a distant between us.

评语：该文遗漏题目要点，评论不够恰当，语言错误多，有些句子内容表达不清晰，字数不够。

 

第一档：3分

       Largely through the influence of many people from different points of the world. The old, the young and the student, they use the computers to constant with another body.

       Some people use computer to leare new knowledge, such as the students. Some people use the computer to help them to complete their work. Such as the tank workers. While some people use the computer to play games. For example, some old person like to play game on computer.

       Many people on computer is on Monday to Friday. But the player people is everyday more or less. So the world is like a family. Since the computer with us is to enable our to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers of the life’s happy.

评语：该文明显遗漏主要内容，不能反映需要表达的观点；语法与用词错误很多，妨碍理解，作者的语言运用能力差；字数不够。

第一：投诉信
Dear _____________ ,
I am _____________(①写信人身份)。I venture to write you a letter ②about_____________(抱怨内容)。
The focus of the complaint is _____________(③抱怨内容的核心)。For one thing, ④_____________(抱怨内容的一个方面)。For anoth⑤er, _____________(抱怨内容的另一方面)。 Honestly speaking, _____________(⑥客观的评论)。But _____________(⑦抱怨产生的原因)。
All in all, There is still much room for improvement. Before I take any further action, ⑧⑨Ido hope _____________(表达本人的愿望)。Thank you for your time and kind ⑩consideration.
Yours sincerelyLi Ming
第二：求职信
Dear_____________ ,
I am applying for the position of _____________(①想申请的职务) advertised in_____________.I majored in_____________(②专业)。My training in _____________(③接受过的培训) definitely meets your qualifications.My complete resume is attached.④
I will graduate on _____________(⑤毕业时间)from _____________(毕业院校)。In ⑥addition to the required courses of my major, I have_____________(除专业外，选修的课程)。I ⑦also have some experience in_____________(曾有过的社会工作经验)。You will fi⑧nd me to be_____________(请对方对自己有信心)。
May I have a personal interview at your convenience? I can be reached by telephone⑨⑩。
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
第三：建议信
Dear_____________ ,
I am delihgted to learn that _____________(①写信的原因)。In my opinion, ②_____________(表述建议内容)。On the one hand, _____________(③提出建议的理由一)。On the other hand, _____________ (④建议的理由二)。
As to _____________(⑤具体到某一方面的建议)，I suggest_____________(建议内容)。If _____________(⑥供被建议人选择的条件)。It is unnecessary for you to ⑦_____________(建议内容的另一方面)。In ad⑧dition, _____________(其他的建议)，I am ⑨sure_____________ (对建议内容所作的承诺)。
Please inform me_____________( ⑩期望被建议人作出的回应)。
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
第四：请求信
Dear_____________ ,
I am_____________(①介绍自己的身份)。I will/am_____________(②与请求有关的自身现状)。I’d like to________③_____(阐明自己的请求)。I will appreciate ④your_____________(有关该请求的详细信息).I’m going to _____________(⑤对方如能帮助实现请求，自己将要做些什么)。
Here are the reasons why_____________(⑥承上启下，开始解释原因)For one thing, ⑦_____________(请求的原因一)；For another, _____________(原因二)。Therefore, ⑧_____________(总结写信的目的)。
I shall be much obliged to you if you _____________(⑨对收信人的期望)。Thanks for ⑩your kingconsideration and Ilook forward to receiving your earliest reply.
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
第五：邀请信
Dear_____________①开门见山提出事件/活动、地点、时间).It would be pleasant/honored ②to have you here.
During the party/conference, we will have lots of activities you will be interested in. ③First, _____________(④要举行的活动内容一).Second, _____________(⑤要举行的活动内容二).
I know/believe that you will be very interested⑥ in_____________. First/For one thing, ⑦_____________(受邀请人参加的理由一).Second/For another, _____________(⑧受邀请人参加的理由二).The conference/party would not be complete without you!⑨
The party/conference will begin at ⑩时间and we do hope you can come.
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
第六：道歉信
Dear_____________ ,
I am excessively sorry to say/tell yo that _____________(①直接说出道歉事由)。Now, I ②am writing you this letter of apology to show my deep regret. Please accept my sincere apology. ③I hope you will understand me and excu④se me for _____________(请求对方原谅的事由)。
The reason for my delay/absence was that _____________(⑤过失的原因)。I had no way ⑥out because_____________自己当时的处境和情况。Therefore it’s not in my power ⑦to_____________ (过失导致的结果)。
Naturally, Iwant to suggest _____________(⑧建议下次再实现愿望)。I shall be obligedif you will kindly write and tell me when and where you_____________(约定下次见面的时间和地点)。We may meet again and I hope to see you soon.⑩
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
第七：感谢信
Dear _____________ ,
I am now writing these few lines to expre①ss my sincere thanks for _____________(感谢事由)。I’d like you to know how much your meant to me. You have a positive ②③genius for_____________(对收信人某一方面的赞美).I not only enjoyed _____________, but ④also_____________. I shall ever remenber_____________a⑤s one of the most_____________in my life.
I hope to have the opportunity of reciprocating. I will fiil very honored and pleased if ⑥⑦you_____________(表达自己回报的心愿)。I am looking forward to seeing you next time!⑧
I repeat my thanks again for your_____________.⑨ Please give my kind regards to ⑩your_____________ .
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
第八：询问信
Dear ______,
I am _________________________（自我介绍）. I am writing to see if it is possible for youto provide me with information regarding_______.（要询问的内容）
First of all, what are _________________________________?（第一个问题） Secondly, when will________________________________?（第二个问题） Thirdly, is _________________?（第三个问题）
I would also like to inquire _________________________________（将最重要的问题单独成段）. Could you be so kind as to send me some relevant booklets on the above-mentioned aspects?
Thank you for you kindness, and your prompt attention to this letter will be highly appreciated.
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
第九：推荐信（求职/求学）
Dear ,
It affords me much pleasure to recommend _①____________(要推荐的人)to you. During his/her graduate years he/she was my _____________. As his/her _____________ I ②③found him/her _____________（介绍与此人的关系） .
His/Her performance in the school years was outstanding. First, he/she had been ④⑤and showed great talents in _____________ . In addition, he/she has a very pleasant personality. ⑥He has developed a strong sense of _____________ , and working with him is always ⑦_____________ . I can state that he/she has all the qualities of being ___________⑧__ .（介绍此人的能力）
Therefore, I here recommend him/her to you with all my heart.Should you favor ⑨⑩him/her with a position in your company/Should you accept him/her in your university？ I am sure that his/her future conduct/academic work will prove worthy of your confidence.I look forward to hearing from you at the earliest possible momentYours sincerely
Li Ming
第十：祝贺信
Dear_____________ ,
I have learned with delight that you_____________(①祝贺事由)。I would like to extend ②to you my utmost congratulations on_____________.you must be_____________.And I feel ③④very happy for you.
_____________(⑤所取得的成绩)is quite exciting news!I kwnw this is surely owing to ⑥_____________(被祝贺人过去的努力).It is a reward you richly deserve for ⑦your_____________(被祝贺人的优点)。
Kindly let me k⑧now when you_____________(咨询对方何时有空).I hope ⑨_____________(表达自己的愿望).My best wishes for your further success.⑩
Yours sincerely
Li Ming

（2006年小作文真题）
Directions:
You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area.
Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
【参考范文】
To whom it may concern,
As a student who can support myself, I am writing to request if you can help me find a potential beneficiary of Project Hope.
I wonder whether it is convenient for you if two things regarding the child are taken into account. First, the child should come from Shandong Province because I intend to help a child from my hometown. Second, it will be better if he or she is a primary school student who was forced to drop school because of abject poverty. I would like to help the recipient of my assistance annually until he graduates from college. Firstly, the money will cover his tuition fee and other expenses at school. Besides, I will correspond with him frequently so that he can seek advice whenever he needs.
Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.
Yours Sincerely,Li Ming
（2007年小作文真题）
Direction:Write a letter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its service. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)
【参考范文】Dear Sir/Madam,
I am a student in this university who regularly come to the library to spend my spare time. Generally speaking, the services you offer here is quite good; however, I have some suggestions for you to adopt. And I would like to extend my greatest appreciation if you are so kind as to take my suggestions into consideration.
To begin with, will you please prolong the time for reading? In the daytime, most of the students are having class, so they can’t come to the library. Moreover, some of the books on shelves are out of date. If you are so kind as to provide us some books such as the latest magazines, we will be greatly honored.
I really wish to have a more comfortable library. Thank you for your time and consideration.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
（2008年小作文真题）
Directions:You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggagethat you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to
1) make an apology, and
2) suggest a solution.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
【参考范文】
Dear Bob,
I am now writing to you from the other side of the ocean. I think I owe you an apology.
Hardly had I unpacked my luggage when I realized I made a big mistake. I totally forgot to return your music CD which I borrowed from you the other day. A succession of things before departure drove me so crazy that the CD thing slipped my mind. I will mail it to you via air before it’s too late. I am so sorry for my negligence and the trouble I brought to you. I wish you could accept my apology.
I apologize again for any inconvenice and hope you can accept my appologies.
Yours respectfully,
Li Ming
（2009年小作文真题）
Directions:Resctions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions.
“White pollusion’’ is still going on.
Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to
1)
give your opinions briefly, and
2)
make two or threesuggestions.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
【参考范文】
Dear editor,
I am writing to discuss the restrictions on the use of plastic bags. Though regulations have been passed to prohibit plastic bags, the result is dissatisfactory in some regions. “White pollusion’’ is still going on. Some shops still provide plastic bags for free and many people would rather pay for the plastic bags. If this trend continues, the prohibition wil be of little use in the long run.
In order to put an end to the sustainable trend, I firmly advocate the news media should draw more attention to the implementation of the prohibition policy. Furthermore, it can be useful and helpful to organize a writing competition about the issue. The last but not the least, publishing the name list of shops that violate the regulations may provide an effective way to curbthe phenomenon.
I hope my letter will be helpful for your solving the problem. Your reply will be greatly appreciated.
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
附：备忘录
Directions: You are the president of a company. Write a memo to Percy Shelley, the vice-president on the employee's training on computer:
1） The need to train the employees,
2） detailed information,
3） ask him to write a plan.
To: Percy Shelley, Vice President
From: Li Ming, President
Date: January 10th, 2006
Subject: Computer Training of the Staff
As we discussed earlier this week, I agree with you that our firm is faced up with problem of the high rate of computer illiteracy of the staff. We need to make up a plan for training our employees in the new field.
I would like you to design our own in-house computer-training program. We had better classify the employees and put them through the program in turn.Write up a brief proposal, describing what you think the program should cover. Assume the class runs four hours a week for ten weeks. Also, assume people have no prior computer knowledge or any formal course work in computer science.
摘要
Directions: Write a summary of the following essay.
A third kind of thinking is stimulated when anyone questions our beliefs and opinions. We sometimes find ourselves changing our minds without any resistance or heavy emotion, but if we are told that we are wrong we resent the imputation and harden our hearts. We are incredibly heedless in the information of our beliefs, but find ourselves filled with an illicit passion for them when anyone proposes to rob us of their companionship. It is obvious not the ideas themselves that are dear to us, but our self－esteem, which is threatened. We are by nature stubbornly pledged to defend our own from attack, whether it be our person, our family, our property, or our opinion. We may surrender, but rarely confess ourselves vanquished. In the intellectual world at least, peace is without victory.
Few of us take the pains to study the origin of our cherished convictions; indeed, we have a natural repugnance to so doing. We like to continue to believe what we have been accustomed to accept as true, and the resentment aroused when doubt is cast upon any of our assumptions leads us to seek every manner of excuse for clinging to them. The result is that most of our so-called reasoning consists in finding arguments for going on believing as we already do.范文：
A third kind of thinking occurs when we are told that our beliefs and opinions are wrong. We may have been heedless in their information, but our self-esteem will not permit us to change. We may have to give up, but we are not convinced. We do not study the origin of our beliefs; we believe as we have been accustomed to believe, and we seek arguments for continuing to believe as we already do.

2007年
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1） describe the drawing briefly,
2） explain its intended meaning, and then
3） support your view with an example/examples.
It is symbolically illustrated in the cartoon that a striker is preparing to shoot at the goal defended by a goalkeeper on a football field. In the goalkeeper’s mind, he is so much smaller than he actually is that guarding the goal becomes a mission impossible. On the contrary, the giant guard seems to fill up the whole goal in the attacking player’s mind.
The purpose of the drawing is to show us that in the face of seemingly insurmountablechallenges or predicament, possessing self-confidence is of utmost significance. Regardless of how much success one has had in school or at work, there are bound to be times when he or she will encounter difficulties and problems. It is at these critical times that his self-confidence, towards difficulty and life in general, eventually plays a crucial role in determining whether he can turn failure into victory.
I can think of no better illustration than the following one. Helen Keller was born deaf, dumb and blind, certainly nothing to give her self-confidence. Nevertheless, she went on to conquer her multiple handicaps to finally become a writer and lecturer, to become an inspiration to all. This case effectively clarifies that no matter what tasks we are confronted with, we should never overestimate the difficulties or underestimate our abilities.
范文（二）
2008年
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing .In your essay, you should 1） describe the drawing briefly,
2） explain its intended meaning, and then
3) give your comments
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （20 points）
Asis subtly portrayed in the drawing, two handicapped young men are heading towards their destination with vigorous strides, leaving all their crutches behind. The hardship of disability being no longer an obstacle on their journey, they support each other with firm hands and proceed steadily. The caption indicates that they can travel north and south extensively with combined legs.
It is apparent that the cartoonist aims at reminding us of the importance of cooperation in our daily life. Hardly can anyone achieve success in his career without the assistance of his colleagues and partners. As competition in all lines of work grows increasingly fierce, we must defeat our rivals through powerful team work. Take basketball hero Yao Ming for an example, he can slam the dunk smartly because all his teammates contribute more or less to his outstanding performance. Likewise, the successful launching of Chang’e No.1 lunar probe should be attributed to the Chinese scientists’ joint efforts instead of individual accomplishment. If we work separately, we will be confined to frail minds and limited resources.On the basis of the analysis above, we may draw a conclusion that cooperation and team work really count in this competitive society. Therefore, we should associate ourselves harmoniously with our companions in every attempt towards our goals. In addition, it is indispensable to train our kids frequently to interact smoothly with others in a team. As the proverb goes, unity is strength.
范文（三）
2009年
Directions:
Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the following drawing, in you essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) give your comments.
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)As is illustrated in the drawing, separated individuals who enjoy the Internet accesses are connected with each other through the spider-web-like information super highway. But meanwhile, each of them is confined to a small cell and attached to the laptop before they can get into touch with others.
Definitely, the symbolic meaning of the picture subtly conveyed should be taken into deep consideration. To begin with, with the Internet, it is convenient and fast for people to get a variety of information and what they need to do is just to press key buttons. What’s more, the great utility of the Internet allow people within a company, across a nation or even around the world to work together. Finally, we can do almost everything via Internet in a long run. Specifically, we can conduct E-business, advertise our products, book an air ticket, buy and sell stocks, even hunt a new job through clicking the mouse. Nevertheless, it is a two-edged sword as well and has its own negative effects. To illustrate, some people tend to spend hours on the Internet for the sake of relaxation and develop addictions. As a result, an inconvenient fact has emerged: at personally level, many people have got addicted to the Internet by immersing in the virtual space and shunting the real world out all together.
Judging from all evidence offered，we may safely come to the conclusion that the Internet , an indispensable part in modern life, is both a blessing and a curse. It is up to the users to strike a balance between the merits and drawbacks and make good use of the Internet resources to their favor.范文（四）
Directions: Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should
1) describe the drawing,
2) interpret its meaning and suggest counter-measures.
You should write about 160 -200 words nearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
As is vividly betrayed in the drawing above, people are striving for the tremendous increase of GDP (gross domestic product) at the cost of our environment. Undoubtedly, the drawings aim at revealing a common and serious fact that due to severe pollution, human life is being threatened ,which is worth discussing amony general public for the time being.
Currently, the phenomenon commonly appears in our daily life. To begin with, it is high time that we realized the fact that our living environment and some natural resources are being destroyed in the blind pursue of GDP increase. At present, the ecology of our planet can hardly support the continuous expansion of heavy-polluting, high-consuming and low-profit productionpattern. What's more, it is quite necessary that we have an objective understanding of the relationship between GDP increase and the ecological environment. The GDP increase which is achieved at the cost of sacrificing human living environment and destroying our valuable natural resources (some of the resources are not renewable) is meaningless at all. To sum up, the blind craze for GDP increase must be stopped.
In my view, counter-measures should be taken to reverse the grim situation. On the one hand, relevant laws and regulations must be set up by government to ensure a rational balance between GDP increase and our living environment. On the other hand, a public education campaign should be launched to make people have a good knowledge of green GDP. Only in this way can we have a sustainable development and a harmonious society.
范文（五）
Directions: Study the picture carefully and write an essay of 160 -- 200 words in which you should
1)
Describe the picture briefy
2)
offer reasons for or against owning private cars, and
3)
suggest counter-measures.交通堵塞
With the development of China’s national economy, people in increasing numbers can enjoy the luxury of owning a private car— if he or she can afford it. However, the increase in the number of cars brings about a lot of problems, such as air pollution, noise, traffic congestion and gas shortage, as is vividly depicted in the picture.
Many residents are against owning cars. According to them, a number of factors could account for the decision to limit the numbers of cars. To begin with, there is no denying that automobiles are indications of civilization, progress and development; nevertheless, automobiles cause the serious problem of air pollution. Scientists have warned that unless effective measures are taken, the problem of pollution will eventually get out of hand.Secondly, private cars can be a terrible threat to the already heavy traffic in the city. If more cars are allowed onto busy streets, there will be more traffic jams, which is really a public hazard to all of us. What’s more, they create a lot of noise and traffic accidents which disable or kill many people each year. Finally, cars consume a large amount of fuel. Though China is rich in its oil resources, they are running out rapidly.
To better solve such problems, concerted efforts from both government and the individuals are needed. The government should improve road conditions to reduce traffic jams. It should also set up rules to promote the use of lead-free gasoline and to develop modern public transportation systems. Meanwhile, the individuals should maintain good road manners. If the sense of responsibility is greatly aroused, we will eventually find satisfactory solutions to the problems caused by them.
范文（六）
Directions:
Write a 160-200 word essay based on the picture provided. Your essay should include:
1) description the picture,
2) an interpretation of the meaning, and3) your suggestions for solving this problem.The intended meaning of the photo above is pressing and far-reaching. In this picture, we are astonished to see that the doctor only shows a great attention over the vast intrest from the poor patient while ignoring the state of illness.
The drawer reminds us of a common and serious social phenemenon: doctors often prescribe medicine or treatments that are not needed, merely in order to make money. Whereas a hospital was once a place that people went for comfort and healing, people nowadays approach hospitals with a fear of being cheated. Furthermore, given that patients know little about medicine, they often have no choice but to listen to their doctor's erroneous advice. Just imagine how great the world would be if doctors would only exhibit greater concern for the patients.
Like many people, I am deeply frustrated by this situation. I am angry that some patients are taken advantage of by doctors, and I feel sadly for the honest doctors whose reputations are tarnished by the actions of a few bad apples. In order to solve this difficult issue, we must look carefully at the current structure of our medical system, and take appropriate measures to ensure that patients receive the best possible care.
范文（七）
Directions:
Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay with People with High-tech Skills Are Needed as its title in which you should
1) describe the drawing, interpret its meaning; and
2) State your point of view.
You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Nowadays there is a tendency of seeking for people with high-tech skills throughout the world. An encouraging and promising scence is witnessed by the photographer of this picture: Shenzou Spacecraft is Launching successfully, which sets China in a high Ⅶposition of aviation and space flight. With the approach of the new century, high technology plays an ever more important part in this modern information age.
Obviously, lack of people with high-tech skills will definitely hold back the development of our economy. As it is well known, many of our factories and enterprises have got to close down in face of fierce competition with a lot of workers being laid off. The apparent reason is that we are less competitive. In some places, arduously as the managers and workers work, their efficiency and profit still remain at a low level. It is high technology that can help them improve their present situation. We are a developing country with large rural areas and a similar large less educated population. To get rid of poverty is to raise the educational level of its people. Apart from these, there are other consequences due to the lack of people with high-tech skills.
It is high time we took positive and efficient actions in terms of attracting or training more personnel with high-tech skills. Primarily speaking, related policies should be mapped out. Education should be on the top of the list, raising the national educational level is our first and foremost task. Another priority is to attract talents both from abroad and at home. The more talents and personnel with high-tech skills we have, the more assurance for the sustainable development our country will possess.范文（八）
Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) possible reasons of the issue and then
3) suggest counter-measures.
You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.求职中的大学生
As is described in the picture above, we can see clearly that college students find it more and more difficult to find a job. It seems discouraging since college students are acknowledged as the young elite of society. They have received advanced education. They are intelligent, aspirant and eager to demonstrate their ability and to do their best for society. However, Job hunting has been a headache for college graduates, and therefore, this strange phenomenon should be taken into further consideration.
Why do college graduates find it increasingly difficult to get jobs? The causes of this phenomenon are various. On the one hand, college students are likely to pursue too high a goal. They care about many factors before making a decision, such as the working conditions, the salary, the working site, etc. As a result, though there are many vacant jobs waiting for the college students, they find few are satisfactory. The comparatively limited majors some students study in college do not fit in with the demands of the job market, and they themselves are unwilling to make an adjustment. On the other hand, employers tend to be strict or even particular to select their employees, which is also a factor responsible for the difficulties in job-hunting since there are so many college students hunting for jobs each year.
The problem should be solved in effective ways. For one thing, the gap between the job’s demands and college student’s demand must be shortened. For another, the employers have the obligation to offer favorable conditions for college students, while the latter should broaden their view and adjust themselves to the needs of society. （273）范文（九）
Directions: Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should
1) describe the drawing,
2) analyze the reasons and
3) state your suggestion.
You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)充电
The picture describes the scene of a young lady choosing some books at the book store. Undoubtedly, she is busy recharging herself with knowledge and keen on learning anything new.Intresting as it is ,the drawing conveys a common phenomenon in modern society.
There are ample reasons for the craze of people’s recharge with knowledge. First of all, the development of our society demands recharge. We are living in an era of knowledge explosion. To be exact, if we want to survive in the information era, we have to recharge ourselves with up-to-date knowledge so as to keep up with the pace of our society. What' a more, the requirement of our society demands recharge. At present, talents of multi-abilities are most welcome in the job market. As a result, more and more people attempt to pick up the knowledge beyond their majors. Recharge has become a vogue. Last but not least important, personal advancement demands recharge. To get relevant promotion, people must take exams of various kinds and get certificates and diplomas. Thus, recharge has become our life-long work. In sum, owing to social and personal factors, recharge has become an indispensable part of our life.
Accordingly, measures should be taken to encourage the recharge craze. To begin with, systematic and reasonable training should be planned and provided. In addition, more favorable study environment should be created. It is in this way that we can soon embrace the spring of science and a harmonious society.范文（十）
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) support your view with an example/examples.Traditional wisdom has it that slow and careful work yields perfect results. Nevertheless, nowadays many companies force workers to finish their tasks as fast as they can, even by lengthening foe working hours. As is vividly depicted in the picture, the worker in a company has to keep on working like a superman until midnight.
The purpose of the picture is to present us an illusion of the situation of many white-collar workers in present China. Work attitude is important for career advancement. Faced with both inner and outer pressure, many white-collar workers live a very busy life. The difficulty in finding a job makes the employees in such a disadvantageous position that they dare not refuse the request of working overtime. In many cases, the employees do not get extra pay. Indeed, the employees are not able to work through such outer pressure. For some others, apart from outer pressure they are also driven by inner urges to work harder and longer than other.
The negative effect of working long hours can be shown in some scientific researches. Take the risk of suffering injury or illness as an example. It is partly because of their working pressure that many people die in their prime. On the contrary, those who can find ways to slow down may enjoy a happy life. As the saying goes, “Good health is above wealth" Only by bearing in mind that nothing is more important than health can we really live a wonderful life.

纵观91----09年的历年真题，无论运用何种命题形式，实际上仅仅涉及了十种固定段落模式的考查，现逐一详细罗列，考生可以结合真题范文灵活参考运用。
[一、图画/图表描述段]
[二、意义阐述段]
[三、原因阐释段]
[四、建议措施段]
[五、趋势预测段]
[六、举例说明段]
[七、观点阐释段]
[八、现象/现状说明段]
[九、利弊说明段]
[十、归纳结论段]
[一、图画/图表描述段]
The set of drawings above vividly depicts the destiny of a flower in different circumstances. As is shown in the first cartoon, the flower is placed in a comfortable greenhouse which shelters it from the threatening lightning and storm. With proper temperature, moisture and fertilizer, the flower is growing in full bloom. On the contrary, when removed from the greenhouse and exposed to the driving rain, the flower soon fades and withers, with the petals cast on the ground.[二、意义阐述段]
The purpose of this picture is to show us that due attention has to be paid to the decrease of ocean resources. Owing to over fishing, the number of fishes has obviously decreased. If we let this situation go as it is, we do not know where fish will be in the future. By that time, our environment will suffer a great destruction.
[三、原因阐释段]
Fake products are rampant on the market today for the following reasons. To profiteer enormously, quite a few firms produce shoddy goods. These producers do not take into account the quality of their products, but exaggerate their functions or effects. To make easy money, a number of stores knowingly sell counterfeit items. These sellers do not care whether or not the counterfeit items may cause damage to property and injury or even death to individuals, but fix their eyes on the money they can get from their customers.
[四、建议措施段]
Accordingly, it is vital for us to derive positive implications from these thought-provoking drawings. On the one hand, we can frequently use them to enlighten the youth to be more independent in life. On the other hand, parents should be sensible enough to given their childrenmore freedom to deal with troubles and problems. Only by undergoing more challenges and toils in adversity can young people cultivate strong personality and ability, and only in this way can they become winners in this competitive world.
[五、趋势预测段]
However, the following figures indicate that the number of smokers is decreasing: The total value of tobacco production worldwide was 14.364 billion pounds in 1994, but this had dropped to 14.2 billion pounds by 1995. At the same time, many countries have passed laws forbidding smoking in public places, and there is a global campaign to dissuade people from smoking. Therefore, I think that tobacco consumption will definitely decrease in the years to come.
[六、举例说明段]
For instance, when someone is starving to death, just a little food and water from you may save his life. Or when a little girl in a poor rural area drops out of school because of poverty, just a small sum of money from you may support her to finish her schooling and change her life, you have given love which is like a lamp in a dark place where light is most needed.
[七、观点阐释段]
Should the development of private cars be encouraged or restricted in China? To judge this issue, we should look at three aspects: What are the advantages of private cars; what are their disadvantages; and is China ready for the free development of private cars?
[八、现象/现状说明段] It is commonly said that one’s first impression of a person is themost important one , and this is certainly true when applied to job interviews. This is because the manager often has to interview a dozen or more candidates in the space of only one or two hours, allotting no more than a few minutes to each.. Therefore, it is vital for the interviewee to make the best possible impression on his prospective employer during the interview.
[九、利弊说明段] [Nowadays, any Chinese can enjoy the luxury of owning a private car---if he or she can afford it. Having a car of your own means no more traveling to work on crowded buses or subway trains, and you can drop off the children at school on the way. Moreover, it also means that you can enjoy the weekends and holidays better, because with a car you can go to places where the regular buses and trains do not go, and so you can find a quiet scenic spot with no crowds.
[十、归纳结论段]
To sum up, we should offer our help to all the needed. We expect to get love from others and we also give love to others. So when you see someone in difficulty or in distress and in need of help, don't hesitate to give your love to him （her）. I believe that the relationship between people will be harmonious and that our society will be a better place for us to live in.
经典万能框架结构示例
一、图画/图表描述段
From the picture (graph, chart, table, pie, bar), we kmow that ______________(①图表内容总概括)。On the one hand, th②e left/first picture tells us that ______________(情况一，图一/表一的内容)。On the other hand, (the right/ second)picture informs us that ______________( 情况二，图二/表二的内容)。It can easily be seen that ______________(④揭示图画/表寓意)。
二、意义阐述段
①The symbolic meaning of the picture subtly conveyed should be given deep consideration. Undoubtedly, the purpose of the picture is to show us that due attention has paid to _______（图画主题）. Owing to _______②（原因）,we can see everything that ______________（进一步说明）. If we let continue as it is,③ we will go into the trouble of ______________(总结句).
三、原因阐释段
There are many reasons responsible for this phenomenon/case/instance and the following ①are the typical ones. The first reason is that______________(②理由一). The second reason ③is that______________ (理由二). The third reason is that/ A case in point is that/ The typical ④example is that______________(理由三)。
四、建议措施段
Considering all these reasons/this situation/Confronted with such a problem, I think we ①need to take some positive measures. On the one ②hand, ______________(方法/建议一). On ③the other hank, it is necessary for us to ______________(方法/建议二). Thus/Only in this ④way, can______________( 总结自己的观点/建议/态度).五、趋势预测段
①Accordingly, it is vital for us to derive positive implications from these thought-provoking drawings. ②On the one hand, we can frequently use them to enlighten that ______________ (主题). ③On the other hand, we should be sensible enough to _____________(观点/态度). ④Only by _____________(段落总结句), and only in this way can we have a brilliant future.
六、举例说明段
There are many cases/examples to explain ______________(①主题句). Take…as a ②typical example./The first example is that ______________ (阐述例子) ______________（可进一步阐述）. The second example is that/In addition/Here is a counter example./Opposite case ③in point is that/On the contrary ______________(第二个例子的内容或举一个反面例子）. Therefore,/Only…can…______________(④总结主题句、段落总结句).
七、观点阐释段
①While the rhythm/pace /tempo of people's living is speeding up, one of the topics many city residents are discussing is ____________（主题）. As part of domestic modernization, ②____________needs to be developed urgently in china, for____________________（进一步说明）.
八、现象/现状说明段
①With the rapid development of science and technology （electronic industry/ higher educatio）, more and more people come to realize that____________（引出现象）. It is ②estimated, over the past decade, that ____________________（用具体数据说明现象）.
九、利弊说明段
Recently① the issue of whether or not______（讨论话题） has been in the limelight and hasaroused wide concern in the public. There are two major arguments that can be made for_________. For one thing, __________can bring ____ to_____________②（优点一）. For ③another, it is widely hold that people usually ____when _________________________（优点二）. But we must not lose sight of the fact that ther④e are also drawbacks to__________, among which are ___________（列举缺点）. For instance, it can be _________to ____________⑤（举例说明）. In addition, many people find it ________⑥（形容词）to ______________（第二个缺点）.
十、归纳结论段
Judging from these figures, we can draw the con①clusion that___________（得出结论）. The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that_____________②（给出原因）. It is high ③time that we _____________（发出倡议）.

1．开头段的常用核心句型
1） The arguer may be right about..., but he seems to neglect to mention the fact that....
2） Contrary to generally accepted views, I argue that....
3） There is an element of truth in this argument, but it ignores a deeper and more basic fact that....
4） It is true that ..., but this is not to say that....
5） The main / obvious problem with this argument is that it is blind to the basic fact that....
6） It would be natural / reasonable to think that..., but it would be absurd to claim that....
7） In all the discussion and debate over..., one important fact is generally overlooked / neglected.
8） There is absolutely no reason for us to believe that....
9） To assume that...is far from being proved.
10） A close inspection of this argument would reveal how flimsy （groundless） it is.
11） On the surface （At first thought）, it may seem an attractive idea, but on second thought, we find that....
12） Too much emphasis placed on...may obscure other facts....
13） The problem / fact are that....
14） However logical this argument may be, it only skims the surface of the problem.
15） As far as I am concerned, I believe that....
16） Although I appreciate that..., I cannot agree with....
17） Those who object to ... argue that.... But people who favor..., on the other hand, argue that....
18） Currently, there is a general concern over....
19） Now it is widely acknowledged that.... But I wonder whether....
20） These days we often hear about ..., but is this really the case?2、中间段的常用核心句型
1） The change in...Mainly results from....
2） The increase in...Is due to the fact that....
3） Many people would claim that....4） One of the reasons given for...is that.... What is also worth noticing is that....
5） There are a variety of reasons for this dramatic growth in.... First ... Second ... Finally...
6） There is no evidence to suggest that....
7） Why are （is / do / did）...? For one thing ... For another...
8） There are numerous reasons why..., and I shall here explore only a few of the most important ones.
9） It will exert remarkable effect on....
10） A multitude of factors could account for （contribute to） the change in....
11） With the development of..., vast changes awaits this country society.
12） History is filled with the examples of....
13） The story is not rare （isolated / unique）, it is one of many examples.
14） As is shown in the table released by the government, it can be learned that....
15） There is （no） good evidence to....
16） We must admit the undeniable fact that....
17） No one can deny （brush aside） the fact that....
18） Experience （Evidence） suggests that....
19） The same is true of....
20） As the saying goes, “....
3、结尾段的常用核心句型
1） Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that....2） Judging from all evidence offered，we may safely come to the conclusion that
3） It is high time that we place great emphasis on the improvement of....
4） It is high time that we put an end to the unhealthy situation （tendency / phenomenon） of....
5） There is no easy solution to the problem of ..., but ... might be useful.
6） Given the factors I have just outlined, I can only say that....
7） Unless there is a common realization of ..., it is very likely that....
8） There is no denying that serious attention must be called to the problem of....
9） It is essential that effective measures should be taken to prevent the situation.
10） It is fundamental that effective actions should be taken to control the tendency.
11） It is suggested that great efforts should be made to control the growth of....
12） It is hoped that great efforts should be focused on finding （developing / improving）....
13） It remains to be seen whether ..., but the prospect is not quite encouraging.
14） It remains unknown whether ..., but the outlook is quite rosy.
15） Anyhow, wider education should be given to the possible consequences of....
16） Anyway, more publicity should be given to the potential effects of....
17） To reverse the trend is not a light task, and it requires a different state of mind towards....
18） To control the tendency is not an easy job, and it involves a different state of attitude towards....
19） For the reasons presented above, I strongly commit to the notion that....
20） To put all into a nutshell, I....

---- 表示必须、紧急、有困难做某事的句型:
It is important （necessary, urgent, difficult, easy, convenient, comfortable, expensive, desirable, advisable） for sb. to do sth.
--- 常用谚语（在议论文中）:
1. 常言道，“事物总是一分为二的。” As a popular saying goes, "Every coin has two sides".
2. As a proverb says, "Everything has two sides". On the one hand, physical exercise is good for your health. On the other hand, if you don't deal with it properly, it will do harm to your health. So we should look at the matter from two sides.
3. As a proverb says, " Where there is a will there is a way." （有志者事竟成。）
4. As a popular saying goes, "A man is known by the company he keeps."（观其交友，知其为人。）
5. As is known to all, "No pains, no gains". （没有苦，就没有甜。）
6. It’s no use crying over the spilt milk. （覆水难收。）
7. More haste, less speed. （欲速者不达。）
8. Look before you leap. （三思而后行。）
9. He who laughs last laughs best. （谁最后笑，谁笑得最好。）--- 辩论中常用的句型:
1. There is no doubt that ... 译：毫无疑问the rapid increase in population 促使 the sharp decrease in the species of wild animals.
2. It is obvious/clear that 爱心是一盏灯, 越黑暗的地方, 它越明亮。
3. 众所周知，中国一贯主张, 国家不管大小, 应该一律平等。As is known to all, China always maintains that all nations should be equal, be they large or small.
4. （It's） no wonder ... （难怪） 译：他不努力工作, 难怪他丢了工作。
5. It goes without saying that ... （ 不成问题, 很自然） ：很自然，健康的人比病人幸福。It goes without saying that healthy people are much happier than sick ones.6.What is more important, we should 保持 ecological balance.
7. I am convinced that only if our society is full of love, tomorrow will be much better and brighter.
8. It is no exaggeration to say … 可以毫不夸张地说，…
--- 举例表示法:
1. For example,/ For instance,the people's economic status has been greatly improved.
2. A case in point is that the economic status of the people has been improved.
3. Let's have an example. TV sets, refrigerators and recorders have become household necessities.

重点话题与句型（三）
---描述图画或图表的常用句型：
1，
As can be clearly seen from the picture, …. 从这张画中可以清楚地看到，…
译：从这张画中可以清楚地看到，随着国际文化交流的增加，越来越多的外国人渴望访问中国。
As can be clearly seen from the picture, with the increase in cultural exchange among countries, an increasing number of foreigners are eager to visit China.
2．
What a vivid picture it is! It tells us that… 这是一幅多么生动形象的画啊！它告诉我们… 译：这是一幅多么生动的画啊！它告诉我们，爱就像一盏在黑暗中的油灯, 它照亮了人们的心灵。
What a vivid picture it is! It tells us that love is just like an oil lamp in the dark, which lightens people’s hearts.
3．
It is generally accepted（或thought, held） that … 人们普遍认为，…
译：人们普遍认为，各国政府应该采取有力措施来保护森林资源。
It is generally believed that the governments of all countries should take effective measures to protect forest resources.
4．The picture is thought-provoking, … 这幅画发人深省，…
译：这幅画是发人深省的，它所说明的是我们今天社会普遍存在的一种现象。
The picture is thought-provoking, and what it illustrates is a common phenomenon in our society today.
5． What the drawing describes implies that …… 这张图画所描述的内容暗示了，…
译：这张图画所描述的内容暗示了，我们应该经得住失败的考验。
What the drawing describes implies that we should withstand the test of failure.
6．According to the statistics given in the table, … 根据表中所给的统计数字，…
译：根据表中所给的统计数字，最近5年来旅游者的人数大大增加，2002年达到80,000,000人。
According to the statistics given in the table, the number of tourists has grown greatly, 80,000,000 people in 2002.
---关于比较、利弊、优缺点的句型:
1. S + have （or has） a lot of advantages over... （与...相比有许多优点）
2. Compared with …, sb./sth. has/have the advantage of … （有… 方面的长处；... 的优点是 …）
3. be of great benefit to sb./sth. （对... 有益）
4. benefit sb/sth. （对...有好处）
benefit from sth. （由于...而受益）
5. do （a lot of） good to sb. （对... 有许多好处）
be good for sb./sth. （对... 有益）
do damage to sth./damage sth. （对... 造成损坏）
do harm to sth./harm sth./endanger sth. （对... 有害处）
6. be as （not so） good/great as...
7. not so much ...as... （与其说...,不如说...）比较结构句型
1. Personally, I’m …
2. is that…
3. both and
4. The advantages of B A
5. The effect of is heightened by another advantage B enjoys
like / prefer
outweigh the benefit we gain from carry more weight than those of
One Another
The biggest
advantage benefit
are much greater than those of
It has They have
advantages strengths
disadvantages weaknesses
comparison contrast in favor of

重点话题与句型（二）
We have just crossed the threshold of the 21st century and the curtain of the new millennium is slowly rising.我们刚刚跨入21世纪的门槛,新千年的帷幕正在徐徐升起.
We are blessed with new opportunities and faced with new challenges. 我们被赋予新的机会,并且面临着新的挑战.
With the increasingly more rapidly economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our attention. 随着日益迅速的经济全球化和城市化,更多的问题受到我们的关注.
along with the development of ..., more and more.....随着.....的发展,越来越多......
In the past few years, there has been a sharp growth boom/decline in....在过去几年内,....有显著增长/激增/明显滑坡.....
with the steady growth in the country's economy as well as the people' living standard,随着国家经济和人民生活水平的稳步增长,
as living tempo/pace quickens,随着生活节奏的不断加快,
While the rhythm/pace /tempo of people's living is speeding up, a lot of changes have taken place in....人民生活节奏加快的同时,....也发生了很多变化.
with the fantastic spur both in industry and its economy in China, the number of... is on the rise随着中国工业经济的迅猛发展,....的数目不断上升.
It is commonly believed that the rise in .... is the inevitable result of economic development.人们普遍认为,......的增长是经济发展的必然结果.In recent years, China has experienced an alarming increase in....最近几年来,中国.....有了惊人的增长.
Nowadays people in increasing numbers begin to realize/be aware of/notice the importance of the problem of education/pollution/unemployment.现在越来越多的人开始认识到教育,污染,失业问题的重要性.
We often find ourselves caught/involved in a dilemma whether we should reach for the bear's paw or for the shark's fin....我们常常发现自己陷入一个进退维谷的境地:是取鱼翅还是熊掌....
There is a growing worldwide awareness of the need for....世界性的对...需要的认识正在不断深入.
Recently the issue/problem of... has been in the limelight/brought into focus/brought to public attention/concern.最近...的问题引起了人们的注意/成了焦点问题/引起了公众的注意/关注.
Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern.最近这个现象引起了广泛关注.
One of the （universal/pressing/burning/urgent） problems/issues we are faced with（confronting us） is that...我们面临的其中一个全球性的/紧迫的/迫在眉睫的问题是....
Recently the problem/issue/conflict has become the focus/concern of the public.最近这个问题/冲突成了公众关注的焦点/中心.
There is a （public/general/heated/impassioned） debate/discussion/controversy today/nowadays as to/over/on/concerning the issue/problem of...Those who criticize/oppose/object to...contend/argue that ....They believe that...But people who advocate/favor/are for...,on the other hand, maintain/assert that...当前,人们就某事/现象展开了激烈/广泛的/热烈的讨论/争论.批评/反对的人们辩称....,他们认为.....然而,支持者却认为.....
A public debate has arisen as to the phenomenon of ...关于...的现象引发了一场公众讨论.
There is a long-running debate as to whether....关于是否....有一场持久论战.
It is undeniable that ... has become the biggest concern of the present-day world.不可否认的是,...已成了当今世界最令人关注的问题.
Now it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/accepted/recognized that... They claim/argue/hold that....,but I wonder/doubt whether....现在人们普遍认为.....人们认为.....但是我怀疑它是否....
According to （n） survey/investigation/analysis/statistics/report released/conducted/made by...,there is a growing/increasing/declining number of...who/which....根据...发表的/所做的一份调查/分析/统计数据/报告,......的数目呈上升/下降的趋势.
Once in a newspaper/magazine, I hit upon（came across） the report that... 有一次,在一份报纸/一本杂志上,我看到过一篇报道.....
This case has aroused echoes throughout the country, with more and more people following its lead, but ideas about it vary widely.这个时间在全国产生了反响,随着越来越多的人步其后尘,对它的看法却有很大的不同.The discussion about whether or not... is a very controversial one. There are people on both sides of the argument who have strong feelings.关于是否...的讨论是个很有争议性的问题.争论的双方情绪都非常激动.
Those who criticize/oppose/object to/are against ... contend/argue/hold that...but people who advocate/favor/are for...,on the other hand, maintain/assert/claim that...批评/反对...的人争论/认为....,但是支持/赞成.....的人则认为/声称.....
Some argue/hold that...,but others set forth a totally different argument about the issue of...有些人争论/认为....,但另外一些人则对....的问题提出了完全不同的观点.
The other side of the coin has voiced strong opposition saying that....争论的另一方发表了强烈的反对声音,声称....